The Planner–Executor Pattern in AI: Explained Simply
2025-11-15
The Planner → Executor pattern is the backbone of agent systems.
Here’s the breakdown:
🧠 1. Planner (Bob in my case)
Responsible for:
- analysing the goal
- breaking it down
- generating a structured plan
- deciding which tools to use
- describing expected outputs
In English: thinks before acting.
🔧 2. Executor (Chad)
Responsible for:
- running tools
- performing steps
- modifying files
- running scripts
- catching errors
- reporting results
In English: does the work.
🔁 3. Two-way feedback loop
After executing steps:
- executor reports results
- planner revises plan
- executor keeps running
This is what lets an agent recover from errors.
🧩 4. Why this works
Humans do this instinctively:
"Let me think... ok I’ll do X, then Y, then Z."
LLMs don’t — unless you explicitly build this structure.
🚀 5. Why I built Bob + Chad this way
Because it mirrors how real engineering teams work:
one senior engineer + one junior engineer.
And it works unbelievably well.